Overview
To qualify for the Spain Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) as an independent professional (freelancer), you must prove you possess sufficient financial resources. This ensures you can support yourself without becoming a burden on the Spanish state while working for clients outside of Spain.
Regulation and Threshold
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ley 28/2022), applicants must demonstrate a minimum monthly income of approximately 200% of the SMI (Salario Mínimo Interprofesional). This threshold applies specifically to the main applicant; higher amounts are required if including family members.
Required Evidence
As a freelancer, you must provide documentation showing a professional relationship of at least 3 months with your non-Spanish clients. Satisfactory evidence includes:
- Contracts: Agreements with foreign companies specifying compensation.
- Invoices: Records of billing for the past 3 months.
- Bank Statements: Proof of regular income deposits.
- Certificate of Experience: A university degree or proof of at least 3 years of professional experience in your field.
Formalities: Translation and Apostille
- Sworn Translation: Any documents not in Spanish must be translated by an official sworn translator (traductor jurado).
- Apostille: While financial statements typically do not require it, professional certificates or official government letters regarding your business status may need an Apostille (Hague Convention) to be recognized by Spanish authorities.
Common Pitfalls
- Inconsistent Income: Not meeting the 200% SMI average over the required period.
- Spanish Clients: For freelancers, work for Spanish companies is restricted; the majority of income must originate from non-Spanish entities.
- Tax Implications: Remember that residing in Spain for more than 183 days makes you a tax resident, meaning you must register as an autónomo with the Social Security (RETA) and pay IRPF on worldwide income.